Surveillance

Jennifer M. Gore suggests that surveillance “was found frequently during our observations—where surveillance was defined as ‘supervising, closely observing, watching, threatening to watch, or expecting to be watched” (235).

Through surveillance, “teachers monitor students, and students monitor each other. Surveillance singles our individuals, regulates behavior, and enables comparisons to be made” (Gore 236).

Normalization

“Foucault highlighted the importance of ‘normalizing judgment,’ or normalization, in the functioning of modern disciplinary power. He explained that such normalizing judgment often occurs through comparison, so that individual actions are referred ‘to a whole that is at once a field of comparison, a space of differentiation and the principle of a rule to be followed” (Gore 237).

“Educating is about the teaching of norms—norms of behavior, of attitudes, of knowledge” (Gore 237).

Exclusion

“The category of exclusion was used in my research to mark the negative side of normalization—the defining of the pathological. Foucault refers to exclusion as a technique for tracing the limits that will define difference, defining boundaries, setting zones” (Gore 238).